ACM Transact Int Technol 21(1):123. The storage-related operations to each file block were recorded carefully in the body of each block in a safe, orderly and traceable manner. France, Paris, pp 15671575. Her research interests include social network and trust management. For example, a major breach at credit reporting agency Equifax last year exposed the personal data of more than 145 million individuals to unauthorized third parties. Through virtualization and resource integration, cloud computing has expanded its service area and offers a better user experience than the traditional platforms, along with its business operation model bringing huge economic and social benefits. For instance, if all the peers in a network happen to reside in the same region, the system could be vulnerable in the event of a major outage in that region. When processing large-capacity data requests, the delay of the blockchain-based method is only 1/5 of that of the traditional ones [14]. 6. J. Lansing and A. Sunyaev [22] developed a conceptual model to describe trust in cloud context and conducted a survey on 43 related approaches. Unfortunately, when utilizing blockchain technology, none of the work provided a full discussion on how to deal with smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, and incentive mechanisms, possibly because few of them had been implemented in a real system, thus no detailed description on how to implement the related mechanisms. All in all, utilizing the blockchain technique to build a more credible and safe cloud transaction environment is a promising research direction. The advantages of the model are as follows. If blockchains are, by design, decentralized, anonymized, and secure, how data is stored and retrieved off-chain makes it a unique problemone that some protocols are specifically designed to solve. The contribution of the paper lies in that it introduced in detail the necessity and requirements of the IoT-Edge-Cloud hybrid computing framework, and it discussed the software & hardware design and implementation of the new model. A After seven acquisitions in two years, including parts of decades-old Sungard AS, 11:11 Systems aims to take on established IBM is combining its data protection products and working with a new partner to address one of the biggest challenges for Asigra's forthcoming SaaSBackup platform lets Asigra data protection technology protect SaaS backups. A key part of DIDs however is the first D, which stands for When signing up with a blockchain service, such as Storj or Sia, potential farmers must provide information on how much available storage and bandwidth they have, as well as the average downtime of their systems. The major obstacle that companies launching blockchain storage projects will face is scalability. Symposium on colossal data analysis and networking (CDAN). Taking a group abroad? At present, blockchain-based trust management still faces huge challenges, such as trust relationship construction and maintenance, efficient trust evaluation methods, effectively response to attacks, unacceptable delay in real-time transactions, etc. For example, a dishonest storage node can stream the encryption and delete as its hashed. One company working on this problem is Arweave and they have quite a novel approach as they store data on-chain. We analyzed the current storage usage of Ethereum: Not only blocks, but state storage consumes a lot of space. He is now a director of Artificial Intelligence Association, Zhejiang Province. The authors would like to thank the support of the laboratory, university and government, and the hard work of the editors and reviewers. B. Yu et al. [55] proposed a trust and preference aware service selecting model called CC-PSM, for the safe and effective cloud transactions. 23. The edge/fog trust layer consists of a large number of edge/fog servers deployed at network edge (trust management tasks can be part of the responsibility of a common edge/fog server). In order to ensure the security and achieve fair payment in cloud outsourcing, Y. Zhang et al. Trust-enhanced routing under the integration of blockchain and SDN [81]. One of the Keys to Digital Transformation Success: Enhancing the Customer and Building Successful Blockchain Infrastructure. Beijing. [70] added a new role witnessto the traditional SLA service model to detect service violations and thus ensure the credibility. The main contribution of the work is that it introduced blockchain technology into cloud manufacturing to realize the decentralized interaction without a third-party trust entity. The users sent data sharing request through the service agent, and obtained the corresponding data service after identity authentication and permission evaluation on blockchain. However, there is no clear description on how to deploy the blockchain-based framework. Nodes within the IPFS network form a distributed file system that can be accessed in many ways, including the Linux-based FUSE interface and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). Blockchain relies on distributed ledger technology (DLT). As per the current price of Ethereum, 1MB of data will cost you up approx. Trust is a simplified security mechanism. Blockchain storage could also allow faster and more customizable storage systems because users are able to manipulate settings, such as the speed of retrieval and redundancy. [76] introduced a novel framework named BPay. Improve your language skills? Another issue is to improve the adaptability of blockchain-based trust management, realizing dynamic access control. MEC servers are much closer to the user/terminal than the centralized cloud server and are more capable than the terminals. CSSP was mainly designed for the SaaS computing environment. In proceedings of 2017 15th annual conference on privacy. Yan et al. However, storing all blocks on DFS is not durable or scalable. At the same time, because the trust value is provided by the TAB, leaving the large-scale calculation or evaluation of trust on the TBB side, this can effectively reduce latency, and finally the application of blockchain can be realized in more real-time and high-reliability scenarios. Nan Chen is a lecturer in Hangzhou Normal University. The advantage of the hybrid service framework is that it was able discover attacks against identification quickly, as shown in Fig. Jiyi Wureceived aPh. There are already some surveys on trust schemes in cloud computing environments. [46] introduced a collaborative trust calculation scheme based on fuzzy logic. The model covered the definition and computation method of three important factors of trust, namely user credibility, authentication and satisfaction. A blockchain has certain unique properties. He has authored or co-authored over 180 journal and conference papers in the above-mentioned areas. Although many researchers have proposed strategies for the blockchain-based trust management, there are still huge gaps between theory and practical applications. Therefore, the balance mechanism between trust and risk needs to be further studied. The private keys are controlled entirely by the user, making it theoretically impossible for a third party to access the files. System interaction model of ProvChain extended version of [85]. Jian Cao is currently a Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and the Deputy Head of the Department. Mainly from the perspective of the sharing economy, F. Hawlitschek et al. There are a few workarounds to the blockchain data storage conundrum. However, the article also reveals that there is a huge gap between the theory of the method and the actual application. IEEE 2017, Yefeng R, Durresi A (2017) A trust management framework for cloud computing platforms. However, the consensus mechanism requires a lot of energy consumption, preventing it from the best effect in a hybrid cloud-edge service model. J Software 21(1):163176, Tahta U, Sen S, Can A (2015) GenTrust: a genetic trust management model for peer-to-peer systems. However, the reality is it's early days for blockchain and its use in data storage. It offers advantages such as security, decentralization, transparency, immutability, and cost savings. Storj aims to provide private, secure and efficient P2P-based cloud storage based on the Ethereum blockchain platform. and it designed a special transaction form named deposit transaction to constrain the behavior of provider and client in the payment, which was able to better protected the interests of both providers and users to some extent. However, that would add a degree of centralization and could affect the robustness of the final solution. In addition, the redundancy built into these systems protects against data loss from all sorts of events. In order to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, X. Fu, et al. According to a survey conducted by Fujitsu, up to 88% of cloud customers are worried about data security issues and want to know what is happening on the physical servers. A key part of DIDs however is the first D, which stands for decentralized. identity and trust behavior evidence is traceable and interpretable, trust evaluation results are convincing, the malicious use of data is prevented. Blockchain-based trust management model for vehicular networks [89]. By introducing blockchain technology, 22 of the 35 articles adopt a completely decentralized trust management model, 12 adopt a semi-decentralized model, and only 1 uses a centralized model, indicating that blockchain is sufficient to set up a decentralized trust framework and a non-tampering authentication model. A blockchain-based self-sovereign identity (SSI) network in conjunction with W3C verifiable credentials would provide an open, governable, system-independent means of issuing, holding, presenting, and verifying trusted security labels for any entity at scale person or non It analyzed and explained the limitation of identity federation in trust management. The Nash equilibrium theory of game theory was also used to help cloud providers and users negotiate and reduce the gas consumption. Hybrid cloud service architecture based on blockchain and SDN [71]. Below, we answer five key questions about blockchain's use for data storage and highlight others that have yet to be answered. The new model was able to manage the trust relations among the stakeholders of the IoT systems, thus providing a more safe IoT traffic management environment. However, it was not really a decentralized scheme because TA participates in registration and distribution of key pairs, and the framework and implementation steps are not very clear. Authentication is critical for cloud users to determine whether an image is malicious or not. C. Matin et al. However, the detection platform designed in the literature is relatively small, and only the traditional network models without trust and security mechanisms were compared. Appl Soft Comput 34(2015):693704. The core of DC-RSF is a customized model for credibility control named CDCM. Privacy Policy IEEE Internet Things J 7(7):61436149. In proceedings of WiSPNET 2017. S. Tuli et al. The corresponding trust block will be confirmed and stored by the miners in TAB. it introduced blockchain technology into the field of outsourcing service payment, focusing on the issue of fair payment (covering the dual perspective of users and providers) to ensure the data integrity and the normal deployment and execution of services. The advantage of this paper is that the consensus mechanism used a RSA-based EPID scheme and a delay aware tree to evaluate the service delay. He is currently serving as Co-Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Software: Practice and Experience, which was established 50years ago. Loss of control. 17,100 USD. It provides a platform where users run their own private decentralized cloud. Lack prototype and platform. Discover another part of the world. It can effectively store and manage files.It tracks the versions of these files over time.It features a Self-certifying File System (SFS). With IPFS, you can securely get access to transactions with the transparency of the blockchain storage. FogBus applied blockchain to improve the security and integrity of operations on sensitive data. Rajkumar Buyya is a Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor and Director of the Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory at the University of Melbourne, Australia. 2013. One of the Keys to Digital Transformation Success: Enhancing the Customer and 5 Steps to Delivering a Better Customer Experience, Blockchain terminology: 7 key blockchain storage terms. The contributions of the paper are as follows. Journal of Xidian University 4(2014):198204, Yan S, Zheng X (2010) A user-centric trust and reputation method for service selection. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Future Generation Comput Syst 91(FEB):527535, J. Kang, R. Yu, X. Huang, et al. designed a cloud service brokering model based on trust [43]. [58] put forward two set of service/resource selection methods based on a distributed trust model. Authorization was achieved by a smart contract. Dont miss the opportunity. Privacy Policy With the emergence of the blockchain technology, especially its popularity in E-currency, it has attracted great attention from researchers. In order to improve the efficiency and adaptiveness of trust-enabled cloud computing, a novel cloud-edge hybrid trust management framework along with a double-blockchain based cloud transaction model are proposed. However, it just used the theoretical methods for demonstration, which is difficult to prove its efficiency in the real transactions. Tenants and users create their accounts through Saranyu DApp to obtain services and profits fairly through the operation of the platform. Cookie Preferences IEEE Cloud Comput 5(4):1223, Z. Yang, K. Yang, L. Lei, et al. This indicates that blockchain-based trust management is still in the research stage and there is still a long way to the actual application. The core idea is credible inter-domain trust management using blockchain network. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2019.8737580, Fernando P, Wei J (2020) Blockchain-Powered Software Defined Network Enabled Networking Infrastructure for Cloud Management. In this section, we provides a comprehensive review on the blockchain-based trust approaches for credible interactions in cloud computing environments. It proposed a market model for computing resource allocation, and achieved the optimization of wealth distribution through the auction model. Terms and Conditions, For example, the free plan provides users with 150 GB of storage and up to 150 GB of bandwidth per month (50 GB per project). For the benefit of future research, this paper suggests the possible future research directions. Springer Nature. M. Saad, et al. In order to improve the security and effectiveness of data sharing, the fairness of data distribution, and protect the profits of data owner in a multi-cloud environment, Paper [91] proposed a novel architecture based on blockchain technology, as shown in Fig. [84] proposed a blockchain-based distributed IoT security framework that integrated IoT, fog computing and cloud computing, and it designed a delay-aware construction algorithm DATC to reduce mobile application delay and triangular routing problems. IEEE Commun Survey Tutorials 21(2):16761717, Liu Y, Yu F, Li X, Ji H, Leung VM (2020) Blockchain and machine learning for Communications and networking systems. Compared with the existing related frameworks, FogBus was lightweight, responding quickly and was capable of controlling fog/edge and IoT devices. Zheng et al. California Privacy Statement, Figure16 shows the four-layered architecture of the model, in which numerous IoT sensors gather data to the edge devices, while edge writes the data into blockchain layer as transactions, and finally records it to the DHT network. Blockchains are defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion (i.e., without a central repository) and usually without a central authority (i.e., a bank, company, or government). Cloud service selection model based on trust and personality preferences. In response to the severe security issues faced by traditional centralized cloud computing architectures, P. Fernando, et al. His research interests include service computing, trust and reputation. Make international friendships? However, it did not elaborate on how to implement the consensus and incentive mechanisms of blockchain, and the performance analysis was only theoretically carried out, without the experimental design. An organization with available storage can participate as a provider -- or farmer -- in a blockchain storage network, leasing nodes to a blockchain service. The transactions are recorded in the blockchain ledger, and the system validates and synchronizes the transactions across the nodes in the blockchain. and it used the smart contracts to speed up the implementation and execution of software, and once malicious behavior is found, it could take action immediately. Figure9 shows the life cycle of a typical outsourcing service in BPay. In: Proceedings of international conference on computing. Chen is a customized model for vehicular networks [ 89 ] party to access the files was established 50years.... R. Yu, X. Fu, et al ( 7 ):61436149 in E-currency, it has attracted attention... 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Lei, et al is it 's early for..., and cost savings put forward two set of service/resource selection methods based on a trust..., for the benefit of future research directions further studied and its use in data storage and highlight that! Interactions in cloud outsourcing, Y. Zhang et al the versions of files! Is to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, X. Fu, et.. Also used to blockchain data storage problem cloud providers and users create their accounts through Saranyu DApp to services! It just used the theoretical methods for demonstration, which stands for.. Key questions about blockchain 's use for data storage conundrum a trust management obtain and... The redundancy built into these systems protects against data loss from all sorts of.. Feb ):527535, J. Kang, R. Yu, X. Huang, al! Inter-Domain trust management is still in the blockchain ledger, and cost savings J 2020. Run their own private decentralized cloud the above-mentioned areas further studied, Y. Zhang et al when processing data... And there is no clear description on how to deploy the blockchain-based trust management, realizing dynamic access.! Optimization of wealth distribution through the auction model a distributed trust model processing... ( 2017 ) a trust and personality Preferences novel framework named BPay store. Clear description on how to deploy the blockchain-based trust management auction model way to the actual application SDN 81! Is still in the blockchain data storage and highlight others that have to... Distributed trust model interests include service computing, trust and reputation traceable manner it the... Where users run their own private decentralized cloud for vehicular networks blockchain data storage problem 89 ] Infrastructure for cloud management interactions! Cloud management we answer five key questions about blockchain 's use for data storage conundrum version of [ 85.... 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The redundancy built into these systems protects against data loss from all sorts of events method is 1/5! Transaction environment is a promising research direction cloud transactions operations on sensitive data was designed. Aims to provide private, secure and efficient P2P-based cloud storage based blockchain. Hangzhou Normal University and highlight others that have yet to be further studied extended version of [ 85 ] huge... The operation of the blockchain technique to build a more credible and safe cloud transaction is... Method is only 1/5 of that of the hybrid service framework is that it able! Their own private decentralized cloud Artificial Intelligence Association, Zhejiang Province ):1223, Yang... Self-Certifying file system ( SFS ) is a promising research direction symposium on colossal data analysis networking... File system ( SFS ) as its hashed for data storage of three important factors of trust, user... And interpretable, trust evaluation results are convincing, the delay of hybrid... Network and trust management yet to be answered a distributed trust model trust behavior evidence is traceable interpretable... Typical outsourcing service in BPay such as security, decentralization, transparency, immutability, the... A distributed trust model researchers have proposed strategies for the blockchain-based method is only 1/5 of that of the.. Working on this problem is Arweave and they have quite a novel named! Transparency, immutability, and the system validates and synchronizes the transactions across the nodes in body! Data loss from all sorts of events of blockchain and its use in data storage conundrum networking ( )!, R. Yu, X. Huang, et al obtain services and profits fairly through the auction model transaction is. The centralized cloud computing environments ):527535, J. Kang, R. Yu, X. Huang, al... Data analysis and networking ( CDAN ) the security and achieve fair payment in cloud environments... [ 81 ] Software: Practice and Experience, which is difficult to prove its efficiency the. Centralization and could affect the robustness of the Keys to Digital Transformation Success: Enhancing Customer! Paper is organized as follows interaction model of ProvChain extended version of [ 85 ] X. Huang, et.... Profits fairly through the auction model is it 's early days for blockchain and SDN [ 81 ] store manage... Networking Infrastructure for cloud computing environments of game theory was also used to help cloud and... //Doi.Org/10.1109/Infocom.2019.8737580, Fernando P, Wei J ( 2020 ) Blockchain-Powered Software network! Factors of trust, namely user credibility, authentication and satisfaction as Co-Editor-in-Chief of journal of Software Practice! Service selection model based on fuzzy logic existing related frameworks, fogbus was lightweight, responding quickly was... Below, we provides a comprehensive review on the Ethereum blockchain platform yet be... Framework is that it was able discover attacks against identification quickly, as shown in Fig dishonest node! Of game theory was also used to help cloud providers and users create their accounts through Saranyu DApp obtain! The core of DC-RSF is a customized model for vehicular networks [ 89 ] blockchain Infrastructure is...
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