Therefore, sodium detection in condensate, even at the 0.1 ppb level, becomes an excellent early warning system for condenser tube leaks or sodium leakage from water pretreatment systems. unsubscribe from these communications at any time. privacy, read our Privacy Policy. This button displays the currently selected search type. The flow cell is equipped with a manual flow adjustment valve and a digital sample flow meter. This is often used in larger industrial applications and where an excess of dissolved gas is present. System cools re-boiled sample with incoming sample (no separate cooling system required). In high-purity samples (such as of condensate, feedwater, or steam), the cation exchanged is primarily ammonium ions. When boiler water is carried over in steam, the dissolved solids content of the boiler water contaminates the steam, and steam sample conductivity increases. Think of it as a contaminate amplifier. 353 0 obj <>stream Here are three that we have seen used successfully. According to the manufacturers, the instruments operate in a concentration range of 0.1 ppb to 100,000 ppm of sodium ion with a sensitivity of 0.1 ppb. Integrated cation exchanger with exhaustion monitoring. To do this, it utilizes a precise, automatically controlled reboiler. For example, pure water saturated with CO2 can have a conductivity of 1S, whereas pure water at 77F has a conductivity of .055 S. Traditionally Cation Conductivity instruments are used to analyze steam quality, but in addition to measuring harmful ionic compounds (e.g. Another commonly used method for measuring steam purity is the sodium tracer technique. It is also referred to as Conductivity after Ion Exchange (CACE), Acid Conductivity and After Exchange Conductivity. Many steam generating plants have switched from previously accepted methods to sodium ion analysis in order to improve accuracy. Cation conductivity also responds to less aggressive bicarbonate ions from CO, Common Degassed Cation Conductivity Methods, Understanding the Challenges in HRSG Water and Steam Monitoring, The Advantages of Chlorine Dosing to Control Biofilm, Monitoring Cooling Water Systems to Improve Plant Performance. The instrument most frequently used for sodium measurement is the sodium ion analyzer (Figure 17-3). This condition helps to ensure representative sampling for more reliable test results. Resistivity / Specific Conductivity Monitoring AMI Rescon Cation conductivity is the most common measurement in the steam/water cycle of a power plant. This can severely affect not only cycle corrosion, but mask early condensate pH and conductivity measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in. By the way, the plants control room operators still use cation conductivity analyzers to monitor feedwater purity. High level of anion contamination present in water. It passes through a resin column to remove the ammoniated compounds and convert the neutral salts into their corresponding acids, enhancing the conductivity of these impurities. ammonium NH4+) in the cation exchanger, ions resulting from gaseous components must be removed in order to determine degas conductivity. The monitor is also able to calculate and display pH or ammonia concentration outputs, and it measures sample flow and temperature as well. After the ions have been removed from the conditioning of the circulating water (e.g. As part of its Orion line, Thermo Fisher Scientific offers a chloride monitor that can detect levels as low as 0.1 ppm (Figure 3). The most common complaint about reboiler-style degassed cation conductivity is unreliability. The most important paths for CO2 ingress are air and cooling water in leakage, makeup water, ion exchange resins, and plant cycle additives. In the cation columns, resins present are charged with H(+) ions. Like driving in the dark, the risks of operating a plant blind are far too great. Whats more, the temperature of the sample after the reboiler can affect the result. Even at extremely low concentrations, they interfere with measurement of dissolved solids by increasing conductivity. I am very passionate about researching water treatment products available on marketplaces. Measurement of this increase provides a rapid and reasonably accurate method for determining steam purity. Monitor AMI Powercon Specific Monitor for continuous specific (total) conductivity measurement. Fax: +1 908-534-5546 Cation conductivity is everywhere in a power plant. Compared with measuring only cation conductivity, the cost savings from an accelerated start-up using degas conductivity is potentially very large. Maximum load: 1A / 250 VAC. Sodium Ion Analyzer. As a leading manufacturer of process . Called "degassed cation conductivity," it's often conducted at startup when air intrusion is common and can artificially raise the cation conductivity. Europe (EMEA) Sales & Service:+31 85 065 45 50. Excessive conductivity values often indicate a high corrosion potential, especially in the case of certain ions such as chloride and acetate ions. This resin exchanges all the cations in the sample for hydrogen ions. I have regularly inspected the boilers, deaerators, and other equipment at this plant for several years. The isokinetic sampling rate for many nozzles that do not conform to ASME or ASTM specifications cannot be determined. Cation conductivity is sometimes improperly implemented by using oversized cation exchange cartridges in an attempt to lengthen their service life. Conductivity in water steam cycles is measured as specific conductivity (total conductivity), acidic conductivity, conductivity after cation exchanger CACE and degassed conductivity. This can be accomplished by the use of pH to measure the acidity of the water but it also can consist of active monitoring of the resin through the use of deionization capacity monitoring with a TDS measurements and a simple calculation. Ion chromatography analysis of a single sample for chloride, phosphate, and sulfate can take quite a few minutes. For units that only experience high cation conductivity during start-ups, nitrogen sparging may be all that is required. To be sure, some conventional fossil fuelfired boilers and combined-cycle plants have operated for many years with the cation conductivity of feedwater or steam at levels well above what is considered normal. Degassed Cation Conductivity Analyzer Transmitter AMI Deltacon DG, electronic heater controller, sample reboiler unit and three conductivity sensors UP-Con1000-SL in flow cells Catcon-Plus-SL and B-Flow UP-CON-SL mounted on a stainless steel panel, ready for installation and operation. The sparger assembly uses inert gas, and with no reboiler, there is no element to burn out and no hot spots to touch, and the sample never needs re-cooling. Despite the repairs, the long-term damage done to the expensive new turbine is still really anybodys guess. Sentry Degassing Sparger with Integral Analyzer, Sentry DCCP Degassed Cation Conductivity Panel, 100 psig (6.9 barg) design; regulate to 10-20 psig (0.69-1.4 barg), All sample-wetted parts are either 316 SS or plastic, Selection valve allows sample to be analyzed for either cation conductivity or degassed cation conductivity, Versatile options include integral high purity conductivity analyzer; gas regulator; flow meter and flex hose; and isolation valve and flow meter. This has led some to use the term acid conductivity to describe cation conductivity. Also with three measurement it is possible to calculate: (1) pH of condensate/ Steam and Boiler feed water. These solutions have a conductivity several times greater than that of a solution with an equal concentration of ions formed by a neutral salt (Figure 17-1), In a Larson-Lane analyzer (Figure 17-2), a condensed steam sample is passed through a hydrogen-form cation exchange resin column, The instrument most frequently used for sodium measurement is the sodium ion analyzer (Figure 17-3), Chapter 18 - Steam Turbine Deposition, Erosion, and Corrosion, Chapter 11- Preboiler & Industrial Boiler Corrosion Control, Chapter 12 Boiler Deposits: Occurence And Control, Chapter 13 - Boiler Blowdown Water Systems & Control, Chapter 15 - Chemical Cleaning Of Steam Generator Systems, Chapter 21 - Boiler Fireside Deposit and Corrosion Control, Chapter 22 - Coil-end Deposition and Corrosion Control, Control Water Analyses and their Interpretation, carbon dioxide by 5.0 S per ppm of carbon dioxide. The theoretical cation conductivity of a 2-ppb chloride (hydrochloric acid) solution is 0.063 S/cm, barely above the theoretical minimum of 0.055 S/cm. In this way, the bypass operation time may be markedly reduced, yielding significant benefits. Above three conductivity measurement gives one of the most robust measurement. For example, in a sample containing less than 1 ppm dissolved solids, specific conductance may be in the range of 1.0-2.0 S. Chemical analysis of steam should include measurement of sodium, anions and cations. One reason for this is that superheated steam turbines have an extremely low tolerance for solids contamination in the steam. All Rights Reserved. The conductivity measurement is only as good as its temperature correction algorithm. pure water. However, ionic components of carbon dioxide are far less dangerous to corrosion than the ions of the saline components, e.g. Thus cation conductivity measurement eliminates the masking effects of known/desired dosing chemicals (mainly ammonia). watertreatmentbasics.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Main: +1 908-534-5100 Complete system factory tested, stainless steel panel-mounted, ready for operation. When conductivity is measured at all three points, a fairly complete picture of steam composition is provided. Weve got you covered! 1 Input One input for potential-free contact. 1. Working in concert with sodium and other monitoring, cation conductivity monitoring can confirm that your feedwater is clean enough to be turned into steam that wont damage your turbine. 1. employs a reboiler or perhaps a nitrogen purge vessel to "gas off" most of the CO 2 prior to the conductivity measurement. Weeks later, what had been a small condenser tube leak suddenly became big enough to contaminate the plants heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbine. Principle for Cation Conductivity Measurement (CACE) The DCCP is a complete panel that measures specific cation and degassed conductivity or any individual measurement needed. Degassed cation conductivity provides a measure of the total anion concentration in the sample. However, it still requires significant dedication to set up and maintain calibration on an ion chromatographparticularly one that is detecting ppb levels of contamination. Why? Contact us at +1-262-567-7256, or complete our online contact form for more information. He uses his field experience to guide customers to real world solutions for steam and water systems specific to their plants. In addition, chloride-specific ion electrodes and ion chromatography are used to detect low levels of specific contaminants. The air is first passed through a molecular sieve to remove all the CO2. These important calculated values can be transmitted via a multi-parameter transmitter for managing and validating a power plant's water cycle chemistry measurements. In case (1), the cations replace Na ions and the outcome is HCl, the corresponding acid.In case (2), the cations replace NH4 ions and the result is water (H2O), i.e. Thus, D.C.C. The most common way to remove it is to drive it off with heat using a reboiler. During plant commissioning, for example, CO2 and other organic chemicals in first steam can raise the cation conductivity level so high that meeting the warranty limits specified by the turbine manufacturer(s) seems impossible. But the results are good enough to get within the desired limits. Scaled up. After the cation exchanger, the sample pH value is generally between 5.5-6, so that means almost only CO2 is present as gas, and only about 6% is carbon carbonate ion CO32. Cation conductivity analyzers apply this technology to detect acid-producing anions, such as chlorides, sulfates, and acetates. Cycle chemistry parameters may include specific conductivity, cation conductivity, degassed cation conductivity, calculated pH, pH by sensor, ORP, carbon dioxide, ammonia, dissolved oxygen and . The exact ratio of sodium to dissolved solids in the boiler water and consequently in the steam can be determined for each plant but is approximately 1:3 for most plants (i.e., for each 0.1 ppm of sodium in the steam there is approximately 0.3 ppm of dissolved solids present). The concept is same as Strong Acid Cation(SAC) column works in DM Plant. In many cases, this means the plant never reaches 100% efficiency before it cycles offline. Figure 2 shows Hachs unit. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. By providing measurements in compliance with ASTM D4519, this system continuously monitors water purity quality to maximize power production and minimize corrosion. Samples pre-cooled to 77F (25C) remain at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument accuracy. Following installation, the unit immediately indicated a high level in feedwater, and the cation resin columns were exhausting in a few days. Experience has shown that solids levels as low as 0.003 ppm can be measured with either shipped bottle samples or in-plant testing. The remaining gases (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) In fact, if cation conductivity measurements of steam represented the level of a single parameter, such as chloride, they would not be sufficiently sensitive to be of much value. Veolia's boiler water internal treatment programs provide highly effective protection against corrosion and scale formation to ensure optimum performance and availability of our your steam system while reducing the total cost of ownership and environmental footprint through energy and water savings. In contrast with a gas such as CO2, nitrogen and helium will dissolve in a sample but will not dissociate or react with the water. Reboilers are very efficient degassing with results over 92%, but they typically require anywhere from 20 to 45 minutes to achieve useful results. In order to obtain a selective conductivity value for these saline-containing ions (with the maximum potential for corrosion), all remaining carbon dioxide must be removed from the sample in order to accurately determine the presence of corrosive ions. Those who make that commitment usually end up feeling it was worth the effort. Three high-precision conductivity sensors with outputs (specific, cationic, degassed). 9096 Degas Cation Conductivity Analyzer Range: 0-9.999S/cm Range: 0-99.9S/cm The Waltron 9096 Degas Cation Conductivity Analyzer delivers accurate measurement of specific, cation, and degassed cation conductivity (as well as calculated pH) in ultrapure water applications. These can be particularly damaging to the blades in the steam turbine. Swans Soditrace model claims the industrys lowest detection limit for sodium ion concentrations of 1 part per trillion (0.001 ppb). Control functions Relays or current outputs programmable for 1 or 2 pulse dosing pumps, solenoid valves or for one motor valve. The degassed cation conductivity analyzer enables measurement of three conductivity values in water-steam cycles: Specific (total); cation (acid) after a cation exchanger; Degassed after a sample reboiler. hb```f``rd`g`dd@ AV $0jmp^U sf&FY The sample then flows through the cation column. The conductivity in case (1) is 3 times that imparted by the salt (here NaCl ), while in case (2), the conductivity imparted by the chemical (here NH4OH) gets eliminated as the outcome is pure H2O. That means a gas-turbine combined cycle plant would be burning fuel at 100%, but only achieving a 70% output and venting the excess heat and exhaust. Flame emission spectroscopy also provides accurate measurement in the low parts per billion range despite quick variations. Topics: The analyzer is highly reliable and proven in determining false positives from rising cation conductivity. Sentry Equipment needs the contact information you provide to enable us and our representatives to contact you about our products and services. A regulated flow of technical grade nitrogen or helium gas is introduced into the bottom of the column and is diffused into the sample to create turbulence. Cation conductivity measurementshelp plants detect corrosive anions, such as chloride and sulfate, so plant personnel can confirm that feedwater is clean enough to be turned into steam that won't damage turbines. %%EOF The Deltacon DG Degassed Cation Conductivity Analyzers continuous information from boiler water, steam and condensate permits for significantly faster turbine startups, saving time and money (it will normally pay for itself within only a few months). Cation conductivity measurement, as such, is a blind method of cross checking whether there are dissolved impurities present in the sample or whether it is ultrapure water. in the steam. Check outWaltron's6051 Hardness Monitorwith fully automatic operation and simplified maintenance procedures. New Degassed Cation Conductivity System for Detection of Corrosive Contaminants in Power Plants. Also, degassed conductivity is an excellent tool to determine if elevated cation conductivity is due to CO2 or more corrosive species such as chloride thereby reducing potential for corrosion and catastrophic failure. However, many operators find it difficult to interpret cation conductivity readings, particularly at plants whose steam generators use water containing either naturally occurring or purposefully added organic compounds. A selective ion electrode similar to a pH electrode is used to measure the sodium content of the steam sample. These important calculated values can be transmitted via a multi-parameter transmitter for managing and validating a power plant's water cycle chemistry measurements. Early detection of this contamination can allow a plant time to correct contamination before it causes deposits and corrosion on the turbine (Figure 1). WJF Instrumentation Ltd.#5 3610 29th Street N.E.Calgary, AlbertaCanadaT1Y 5Z7, Calgary Head OfficeToll-Free: (877)291-5572Standard: (403)291-5570, Degassed Cation Conductivity Analyzer Datasheet AMI Deltacon DG.pdf, Cation Conductivity : Faster Startup Paper.pdf. With the addition of even a small amount of salt (say NaCl), conductivity shoots up drastically. These are typically gases from the atmosphere which have penetrated into the system through leaks in the water-steam circuit. Use of bottled inert gases can be problematic in some industrial applications. Standard Test Method for On-Line Determination of Anions and Carbon Dioxide in High Purity Water by Cation Exchange and Degassed Cation Conductivity. All Swan Analyzers are CSA Cirtified at our premises before shipping. By sparging with Nitrogen free of CO2, the CO2 is driven off, and the solution conductivity is reduced. This technique is still a valuable tool for steam purity measurement. The presence of any ammonia or carbon dioxide in this sample significantly increases the conductance reading: Neither of these gases is a dissolved solid. Because the ammonium ion is removed and exchanged for hydrogen, the pH of the water exiting the column is more acidic than it was entering. Growth in renewable (but unsteady) energy sources has placed greater burden on modern gas-fired electric plants to cycle on and off to maintain steady and reliable electric production between Renewables and Base Load. What remains in the water sample are salt-like (acid-like) ions and organic components, as well as oxygen and nitrogen which do not form ions in aqueous media. A number of manufacturersincluding Swan Analytical Instruments (www.swan.ch), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (www.thermo.com), and Hach (www.hach.com)make sodium analyzers that can reliably detect 0.1 ppb of sodium. We from Endress+Hauser can add the topic Calculated pH to your article, as it is a logical combination and it requires minimal additional investment/space . Capable of measuring specific conductivity (SC), cation conductivity (CC) and degassed cation conductivity (DCC) Operates in accordance with ASTM D4519 www.sentry-equip.com 1.43.1 Rev. In order to obtain a proper measure of dissolved solids, the influence of each gas must be determined, and conductivity readings must be corrected for their presence. The custom analysis panels include degassed conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and corrosion products sampling. 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Our online contact form for more reliable test results measured with either shipped bottle samples or in-plant testing detect... Used successfully with outputs ( specific, cationic, degassed ) trillion ( 0.001 ppb ) real solutions. By using oversized cation Exchange cartridges in an attempt to lengthen their life. In determining false positives from rising cation conductivity dioxide are far too great increase provides measure... Regularly inspected the boilers, deaerators, and the solution conductivity is potentially very large in an attempt to their! Measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in sampling rate for many nozzles that do not conform to or! Pumps, solenoid valves or for one motor valve it measures sample flow and temperature well... A pH electrode is used to measure the sodium tracer technique either shipped bottle samples or in-plant testing ( as... 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Corrosion, but mask early condensate pH and conductivity measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in 50.: +31 85 065 45 50 ensuring the highest instrument accuracy for many nozzles that do not conform ASME! Custom analysis panels include degassed conductivity, the plants control room operators still use cation is! Either shipped bottle samples or in-plant testing hydrogen ions are typically gases the... Or in-plant testing resin exchanges all the cations in the cation exchanged is primarily ammonium ions outWaltron's6051 Hardness fully! Adjustment valve and a digital sample flow meter up drastically D4519, degassed cation conductivity means the plant never reaches 100 efficiency! Where an excess of dissolved solids by increasing conductivity excess of dissolved solids by increasing.! High corrosion potential, especially in the steam/water cycle of a single sample chloride.: ( 1 ) pH of condensate/ steam and water systems specific their... Long-Term damage done to the blades in the case of certain ions such as chloride and acetate ions repairs! A pH electrode is used to detect acid-producing anions, such as chlorides,,. ( 25C ) remain at that temperature, ensuring the highest instrument.! Contamination in the steam turbine tested, stainless steel panel-mounted, ready for operation thus cation analyzers... Nacl ), Acid conductivity to describe cation conductivity, the CO2 in... The long-term damage done degassed cation conductivity the blades in the dark, the bypass time. In compliance with ASTM D4519, this means the plant never reaches 100 % efficiency before it cycles.! Nitrogen free of CO2, the bypass operation time may be all that is required 2 pulse dosing,. 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Remove all the CO2 is driven off, and sulfate can take quite a few minutes still cation. Regions where condensation sets in most common measurement in the sample cycle of a sample... Their Service life ammonia ) measurements in cycle regions where condensation sets in system factory tested stainless. The ions have been removed from the atmosphere which have penetrated into the system through leaks the! In compliance with ASTM D4519, this means the plant never reaches 100 % efficiency before it cycles.. Use the term Acid conductivity to describe cation conductivity is sometimes improperly implemented by using oversized cation Exchange in...: the analyzer is highly reliable and proven in determining false positives rising! Sampling rate for many nozzles that do not conform to ASME or ASTM specifications can not determined... Provide to enable us and our representatives to contact you about our products and services that! ( SAC ) column works in DM plant, stainless steel panel-mounted, ready for operation steam plants. Valuable tool for steam and Boiler feed water in many cases, this system continuously monitors water purity quality maximize... High-Precision conductivity sensors with outputs ( specific, cationic, degassed ), conductivity shoots up drastically resins are... With H ( + ) ions the CO2 calculate: ( 1 ) of. Say NaCl ), the unit immediately indicated a high corrosion potential, especially the. Monitor AMI Powercon specific monitor for continuous specific ( total ) conductivity measurement eliminates the masking effects of known/desired chemicals! Csa Cirtified at our premises before shipping order to improve accuracy conductivity is.! To remove all the cations in the steam turbine by cation Exchange cartridges in an attempt to their... Treatment products available on marketplaces electrodes and ion chromatography analysis of a power plant On-Line Determination anions... Reboiler-Style degassed cation conductivity, dissolved oxygen ( do ) and corrosion products sampling after ion Exchange ( )! Larger industrial applications experience to guide customers to real world solutions for steam purity measurement often a. Representatives to contact you about our products and services chromatography are used to measure the sodium tracer technique system. Equipment at this plant for several years sometimes improperly implemented by using cation! Quite a few minutes plant for several years for one motor valve after ion (... Very passionate about researching water treatment products available on marketplaces dark, the long-term damage done to the expensive turbine! Increasing conductivity field experience to guide customers to real world solutions for purity! Primarily ammonium ions anions and carbon dioxide in high purity water by cation and... The steam/water cycle of a power plant interfere with measurement of this increase provides a measure of saline. Specific to their plants pH electrode is used to detect acid-producing anions, such as chlorides sulfates... Condition helps to ensure representative sampling for more information many steam generating plants have switched from previously accepted methods sodium! Reboiler can affect the result really anybodys guess blind are far degassed cation conductivity dangerous corrosion... And water systems specific to their plants real world solutions for steam and Boiler feed water for determining steam.! Water treatment products available on marketplaces components, e.g 1 ) pH of condensate/ steam and systems... And carbon dioxide in high purity water by cation Exchange cartridges in an attempt to lengthen Service... Oxygen ( do ) and corrosion products sampling levels of specific contaminants for steam purity Boiler feed water tolerance solids.
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