[37] Albrecht V appointed the composer Orlando di Lasso as director of the court orchestra and tempted numerous Italian musicians to work at the Munich court, establishing Munich as a hub for late Renaissance music. ICE highspeed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. Lehel, a middle-class quarter east of the Altstadt, is characterised by numerous well-preserved townhouses. After the end of postwar American occupation in 1949, there was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of Wirtschaftswunder, or "economic miracle". [134] Over 7million liters of beer are consumed at each Oktoberfest. Hitler called the shotlived Bavarian Soviet Republic "the rule of the Jews". [6] Once Bavaria was established as a sovereign kingdom in 1806, Munich became a major European centre of arts, architecture, culture and science. After the 2018 Bavarian state election, the composition and representation of each was as follows: In the Bundestag, Munich is divided between four constituencies. Smaller breweries are becoming more prevalent in Munich, such as Giesinger Bru. [151][152], Some notable nightclubs are: popular techno clubs are Blitz Club, Harry Klein, Rote Sonne, Bahnwrter Thiel, Pimpernel, Charlie, Palais and Pathos. Volk Verlag, Mnchen 2015, Bernhard cker: Die bayrische Eisenbahn 18351920. $20).[161]. Most of the boroughs have parish churches that originate from the Middle Ages, such as the church of pilgrimage St Mary in Ramersdorf. since 1905. In the 1960s and 1970s, Schwabing was considered a center of nightlife in Germany, with internationally known clubs such as Big Apple, PN hit-house, Domicile, Hot Club, Piper Club, Tiffany, Germany's first large-scale discotheque Blow Up and the underwater nightclub Yellow Submarine,[123][140][141] and Munich has been called "New York's big disco sister" in this context. The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th-century paintings. [123][142] Bars in the Schwabing district of this era include, among many others, Schwabinger 7 and Schwabinger Podium. There is also a small Old Catholic parish and an English-speaking parish of the Episcopal Church in the city. Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the Lehel quarter between the old town and the river Isar: the Museum Five Continents in Maximilianstrae is the second largest collection in Germany of artefacts and objects from outside Europe, while the Bavarian National Museum and the adjoining Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstrae rank among Europe's major art and cultural history museums. It has one of the strongest economies of any German city and the lowest unemployment rate of all cities in Germany with more than 1 million inhabitants. [157] The city is also the economic centre of southern Germany. [52], The Prince Regent Luitpold's reign from 1886 till 1912 was marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich. [citation needed]. Its origins go back to the 17th/18th century, but has become popular when the festivities were first televised in the 1980s. Furthermore, Munich is the home of the headquarters of many other large companies such as the injection moulding machine manufacturer Krauss-Maffei, the camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, the semiconductor firm Infineon Technologies (headquartered in the suburban town of Neubiberg), lighting giant Osram, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as Microsoft. Fritz Lutz: Oberfhring. [130], July and December, Olympia Park:[131] For three weeks in July, and then three weeks in December, Tollwood showcases fine and performing arts with live music, circus acts, and several lanes of booths selling handmade crafts, as well as organic international cuisine. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third-largest city. Since early 1800s the custom spread via journeymen in it is now a common tradition over the Old Bavaria region. ISBN 978-3-86520-447-9. [67], The city was the site where the 1938 Munich Agreement signed between Britain and France with Nazi Germany as part of the Franco-British policy of appeasement. Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch. Oktoberfest hosts 144 caterers and employees 13,000 people. In addition, it is one of the most attractive business locations in Germany. The gallery houses one of the world's most comprehensive Rubens collections. Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns and cities like Dachau, Freising, Erding, Starnberg, Landshut and Moosburg are today part of the Greater Munich Region, formed by Munich and the surrounding districts, making up the Munich Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about 6million people. They are central to the city's culture and serve as a kind of melting pot for members of all walks of life, for locals, expatriates and tourists alike. The extensive network of subway and tram lines assists and complement pedestrian movement in the city centre. Hannes Burger: 350 Jahre Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbru AG. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years' War, but remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes. Munich has significance as a financial centre (second only to Frankfurt), being home of HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. In 1568 Albrecht V built the Antiquarium to house the Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities in the Munich Residenz. The large Residenz palace complex (begun in 1385) on the edge of Munich's Old Town, Germany's largest urban palace, ranks among Europe's most significant museums of interior decoration. A survey by the Society's Centre for Sustainable Destinations for the National Geographic Traveller chose over 100 historic destinations around the world and ranked Munich 30th.[112]. Between 1910 and 1940, he wrote and performed in many absurdist sketches and short films that were highly influential, earning him the nickname of "Charlie Chaplin of Germany". [167] Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by the information technology, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. The city houses many multinational companies, such as BMW, Siemens, MAN, Allianz and MunichRE. (Zum nrdlichen Teil der Museumsinsel mit dem Vater-Rhein-Brunnen.) Other notable musicians and bands from Munich include Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, Mnchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Colour Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby Augsburg Airport was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach. Bufe Fachbuchverlag, Egglham 1997, ISBN 3-922138-61-6. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts the fused grid. Next door, the modern Residenz Theatre was erected in the building that had housed the Cuvillis Theatre before World War II. With the Munich Biennale founded by Hans Werner Henze, and the A*DEvantgarde festival, the city still contributes to modern music theatre. Munich is also one of the most attractive business locations in Germany. [60], After World War I, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest. For other uses, see, Cultural history trails and bicycle routes. The Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technische Universitt Mnchen (TUM), were two of the first three German universities to be awarded the title elite university by a selection committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Lnder). There are many smaller beer gardens and around twenty major ones, providing at least a thousand seats, with four of the largest in the Englischer Garten: Chinesischer Turm (Munich's second-largest beer garden with 7,000 seats), Seehaus, Hirschau and Aumeister. [70] By mid 1942 the majority of Jews living in Munich and the suburbs had been deported. Polo Ralph Lauren. This includes more companies listed by the DAX than any other German city, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as McDonald's and Microsoft. St Michael in Berg am Laim is a church in the suburbs. From the main railway station the journey takes 4045 minutes. Mnchen 2012. The renaturation of the Isar allows for the near natural development of the river bed and is part of Munich's flood protection. De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2012, S. 420. Central to Schwabing's bohemian scene (although they were actually often located in the nearby Maxvorstadt quarter) were Knstlerlokale (artist's cafs) like Caf Stefanie or Kabarett Simpl, whose liberal ways differed fundamentally from Munich's more traditional localities. Christian Behrer: Das Unterirdische Mnchen. One of Bogenhausen's most beautiful buildings is Villa Stuck, famed residence of painter Franz von Stuck. In November 1918, on the eve of the German revolution, Ludwig III of Bavaria and his family fled the city. [138] However, these breweries do not have tents at Oktoberfest. [41] William V had the Hofbruhaus built in 1589. Another important museum in the Kunstareal is the Egyptian Museum. [125] It now runs between 6 and 10 am the third Sunday in July at the Chinese Tower in Munich's English Garden. The collection reflects the eclectic tastes of the Wittelsbachs over four centuries and is sorted by schools over two floors. Mr. Casual (8) 110 East 55th Street, New York, New York 10022-4540. The Circus Krone based in Munich is one of the largest circuses in Europe. Ludwigstrae also begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to north, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt, the St. Louis church, the Bavarian State Library and numerous state ministries and palaces. Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city centre and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. Munich's population had swelled and Munich brewers were now free to employ as many workers as they needed to meet the demand. [115] These plans were abandoned some time later. [133] Oktoberfest is a celebration of the wedding of Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig to Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen which took place on 12 October 1810. The attack was eventually blamed on militant Neo-Nazism. Munich offers 11 restaurants that have been awarded one or more Michelin stars in the Michelin Guide of 2021.[137]. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 2025 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. Archaeological Showcase at the Mnchner Stadtmuseum: Discoveries from the Marienhof excavations (2011/2012). Only the two Munich universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe (now part of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) have held this honour, and the implied greater chances of attracting research funds, since the first evaluation round in 2006. Munich Weisswurst ("white sausage", German: Mnchner Weiwurst) was invented here in 1857. "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource," New England Journal of History (2010) 66#2 pp 130, Ralph D. Hildebrand, Rainer Wallbaum: Der Flughafen Mnchen. In July 2017, Munich had 1.42million inhabitants; 421,832 foreign nationals resided in the city as of 31 December 2017 with 50.7% of these residents being citizens of EU member states, and 25.2% citizens in European states not in the EU (including Russia and Turkey). It replaced the smaller Munich-Riem airport in 1992. It was designed and laid out by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, both for pleasure and as a work area for the city's vagrants and homeless. [120] Half a kilometre down the river, there is a second, easier wave for beginners, the so-called Kleine Eisbachwelle. The city hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. An important collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the Glyptothek and the Staatliche Antikensammlung (State Antiquities Collection). [80], During 1972 Summer Olympics 11 Israeli athletes were murdered by Palestinian terrorists in the Munich massacre, when gunmen from the Palestinian "Black September" group took hostage members of the Israeli Olympic team. 4.2.1: St. Peter, S. 6183. Most parts of the palace complex serve as museums and art galleries. 815 in Frttmanning.[27]. PS100 High-Top Sneaker. Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark, the Westpark, and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (with the Botanischer Garten Mnchen-Nymphenburg to the north), and Schleissheim Palace. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is ten minutes, whilst 6% of passengers wait for over twenty minutes on average every day. In 2015, the transport modal share in Munich was 38 percent public transport, 25 percent car, 23 percent walking, and 15 percent bicycle. A magnetic levitation train (called Transrapid), which was to have run at speeds of up to 400km/h (249mph) from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes, had been approved,[173] but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after heavy protests. Its importance as a centre for both literature and the fine arts was second to none in Europe, with numerous German and non-German artists moving there. Munich became the center of a modernizing kingdom, and one of the king's first acts was the secularization of Bavaria. Many of Valentin's works wouldn't be imaginable without his congenial female partner Liesl Karlstadt, who often played male characters to hilarious effect in their sketches. Between Sendlinger Tor and Maximiliansplatz, on the edge of the central Altstadt-Lehel district, there is also the so-called Feierbanane (party banana), a roughly banana-shaped unofficial party zone spanning 1.3km (0.8mi) along Sonnenstrae, characterized by a high concentration of clubs, bars and restaurants, which became the center of Munich's nightlife in the mid-2000s. Munich had already become an important place for painters like Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Stuck, Karl Piloty and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911. ): Mnchen und seine Bauten. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths, which permeate the entire centre. The city centre lies between both climates, while the airport of Munich has a humid continental climate. The German art movement took its name from the Munich magazine Die Jugend (The Youth). Belgian Shoes, a New York City institution, showcases a variety of hand-sewn, hand-turned loafers, manufactured in Izegem, Belgium, an historic centre of the nation's shoe industry. [75], The Free State of Bavaria used the arms industry as kernel for its high tech development policy. 2023 Belgian Shoes, All Rights Reserved. Helles has largely replaced Munich's dark beer, Dunkles, which gets its colour from roasted malt. Munich remains one of the centres of the German film and entertainment industry. About 45% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group; this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. The fields are now part of the Theresienwiese and the celebrations developed into Munich's annual Oktoberfest. Jonathan Cape, 2006, pp. BR-Chronik: Der BR von 1922 bis heute" (in German). The dance was supposed to be held every 7 years. Hrsg. [126] Starkbierfest is also known as the fifth season, and is celebrated in beer halls and restaurants around the city. By Kppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic (Cfb), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental (Dfb) features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income. Being at the centre of Europe, Munich is subject to many climatic influences, so that weather conditions there are more variable than in other European cities, especially those further west and south of the Alps. ISBN 3-87364-023-6, Landeshauptstadt Mnchen, Direktorium, Statistisches Amt: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007, page 206 (Statistical Yearbook of the City of Munich 2007), Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Frstenried-Solln, Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities, Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences, Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule Mnchen, Grund- und Mittelschule an der Hochstrae, Grundschule an der Sdlichen Auffahrtsallee, Edith-Stein-Gymnasium der Erzdizese Mnchen und Freising, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate, Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, Jeannette, Hereditary Princess of Frstenberg, Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Liste der Oberbrgermeister in den kreisfreien Stdten, "Daten und Fakten aus der Metropolregion Mnchen", "Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevlkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag", "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World", "Immobilien: Das sind die 10 teuersten Stdte in Deutschland", "Die 10 teuersten Stdte Deutschlands 2020", "Alpha, Beta and Gamma cities (updated 2015)", "Wo die reichsten und rmsten Stdte Deutschlands liegen", "Auslnderanteil in der Bevlkerung: In Mnchen ist die ganze Welt zu Hause Abendzeitung Mnchen", "Archologie: Forscher finden 3000 Jahre altes Grab in Mnchen", "Muenchen.de - das offizielle Stadtportal fr Mnchen", "Sensationsfund: Die berreste der ersten Pasinger", "Archologie in Mnchen - Archologische Staatssammlung Mnchen", https://www.museen-in-bayern.de/museums-in-bavaria/exhibitions/ausstellung.html?L=1&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Baid%5D=5898&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Bmid%5D=923&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5BsearchPage%5D=540&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Baction%5D=showShowroom&tx_landesstelle_searchmuseum%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=88b18f623d2d7435ad13c1e08a5c49f5, https://www.2.stammstrecke-muenchen.de/archaeologie.html, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/pest-mittelalter-geschichte-1.4250084, https://archive.org/details/liberation-of-munich-april-30-1945, "Munich, Germany Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", "Extremwertetafel (Mnchen-Botanischer Garten)", "Die auslndische Bevlkerung nach der Staatsangehrigkeit 2017", "Die auslndische Bevlkerung nach der Staatsangehrigkeit 2020", "Landeshauptstadt Mnchen: Bevlkerungsbestand - Aktuelle Jahreszahlen: Die Bevlkerung in den Stadtbezirken nach ausgewhlten Konfessionen am 31.12.2017", "Bevlkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausfhrlich) in%", "Extremisten sind eine kleine Minderheit", "Bordeaux Rayonnement europen et mondial", "Bordeaux-Atlas franais de la coopration dcentralise et des autres actions extrieures", "Sister Cities International Community Bureau", "Olympia 2018 in Sdkorea, Mnchen chancenlos", "Public Outdoor Swimming Pools in Munich", "What's on? 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