Pretty much any energy source can be connected up. Such practices tend to include threat intelligence, and patch and vulnerability management. Warning: You must not download this dangerous Coronavirus map. 357-362). Retrieved 06 15, 2017, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/impact-dragonfly-malware-industrial-control-systems-36672, NewYork Times. The Impact of Dragonfly Malware on Industrial Control Systems. Inside the slammer worm. The virus was meant to disrupt those functions in the plant. This in-turn, will warrant other innovative security solutions for protecting privacy. This can help companies explore ways to reduce cyber risk, process data more efficiently, and safely archive this data by using blockchain (see sidebar). In addition, as the United States has an aging nuclear infrastructure, many of the plants are still operating mostly with analog controls and/or safety systems, meaning they are less vulnerable to View in article, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Energy Sector, accessed October 28, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2019.01.001, Kochman, B. Nonetheless, theres hope. Get a closer look at the first purpose-built hydrogen-burning power plant in the United Statespowered by GE Gas Power technology. Vancouver, Canada: IEEE doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCN.2017.8038503, Basile C, Lioy A, Scozzi S, Vallini M (2010) Ontology-based security policy translation. It can be noticed from the data analysed that the critical infrastructure services are frequently being targeted with malware or ransomware with a motive for financial gain or disruption. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1701148, Dwork C, Roth A (2014) The algorithmic foundations of differential privacy. Power companies are among the most frequently attacked targets, increasingly by nation-state actors aiming for disruption and even destruction through ICS. 1-6). Power companies can also consider the following practices when seeking to integrate cybersecurity into the procurement process: There are many other measures that power companies can implement to enhance procurement practices. The energy sector and US government have moved quickly to improve cybersecurity for energy and utilities. SANS. According to data by Kaspersky labs, the attack vectors included DDos, Java Script, BAT, V.B. This may be through software updates or patches, which are downloaded frequently, or through firmware that can be manipulated to include malicious codes for exploitation at a later date. Some countries also have computer security incident response teams and computer emergency response teams for the power sector. Data transmitted is verified, authenticated and established, thus ensuring privacy protection. Discovery of new "zero-day" exploit links developers of Stuxnet, Flame. (2017, 06, 12). Simply select text and choose how to share it: Managing cyber risk in the electric power sector Importance of Instrumentation and Control (I&C) system functions for both safety and security. This SDN based firewall has three functional components, violation detection, flow tracking and authorisation. Kaspersky Labs, Kaspersky Labs. View in article, E-ISAC serves as the primary security communications channel for the electricity industry. 3rd Workshop on hot topics in software-defined networking. Figure5 shows Device-Centric Edge security for Virtual Power Plant based on EdgeSec Model. If electric power companies seize these opportunities, they can reduce risk significantly for themselves, the power sector, and, given the critical nature of the service they provide, society as a whole. Snowden: U.S. and Israel did create Stuxnet attack code. Abstract and Figures This report provides a brief overview of legacy instrumentation and control in nuclear power plants, describes the state-of-the-art and currently developing technologies,. (the Newyork Times) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-ordered-wave-of-cyberattacks-against-iran.html, Sha K, Alatrash N, Wang A (2017) A secure and efficient framework to read isolated smart grid devices. The agency is regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Cyber security and privacy issues in smart grids. (Sha et al., 2010). BBC. already exists in Saved items. IEEE 20th International Symposium on a world of wireless mobile and multimedia networks (pp. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 23(2):263276. Explosion, Which was not. In the Ukraine attack, damage and financial harm crippled companies as far away as the US. Please see www.deloitte.com/about to learn more about our global network of member firms. (Roman et al., 2018) suggest a VIS (Virtual Immune System) to analyse network traffic with two functions: the kernel and the immune cells. Research labs across governments, universities, and the private sector are developing new tools and technologies to help them do so. Potential consequences that could either directly or indirectly result from a compromise of the system. Some notable examples are black energy, Stuxnet and so on (Symantec, 2009; Symantec, 2011; Liu et al., 2012). International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 14(2):101119, Venkatachary, S.K., Prasad, J., Samikannu, R. (2018b). Washington, DC: SANS. PubMedGoogle Scholar. So much so that it often is the basis for . to its core, New York Times, November 12, 2017. In simple terms, the processes can be done on the devices rather than on the servers, increasing the processing speed. However, there is a lack of data protocols to analyse and ensure the correctness of a high-quality dataset. Int J Crit Infrastruct Prot 25:3649. Perform business analyses and business planning for resilience in case an attack succeeds. Paul is a senior partner based in Deloittes Calgary office with over 19 years experience working in the E&R industry, including oil and gas, pipelines, mining and the power and utilities sectors. (Yaseen et al., 2016). Primary Areas of Expertise (But not limited to) IT support, cyber security, services, systems and applications, network architecture and design, IT compliance/auditing, operating systems, electric . How criminals are exploiting the coronavirus outbreak. To further explore this threat, figure 3 examines three recent cyberattacks that originated in the supply chain and impacted the power sector. Symantec, Symantec Corp. (2011). Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems. The design incorporates a trusted domain on the edge layer. It becomes more difficult to alter any one record, because each exists in multiple locations. Ransomware is the top threat across the globe, representing 23% of attacks. Every business is mindful of cybersecurity. The individual modules in each case include a systematic analysis of security profile, protocols, simulation, communication and request handling. There is a collaborative compilation of the traffic, and the results are then enforced on to the network controller. Proficy Orchestration Hub 2023. Due to this huge demand for processing on the edge nodes, edge computing applies the A.I. (Buczak & Guven, 2016). The edge layer, which is the trusted domain, will manage the secure access to the virtual power plant operator or the virtual power transmission system operator. to enhance the processing speeds. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2556011, Kaspersky Corp. (2011). (2014). The advancement of technology has also led to research on edge computing for processing information and control. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2740965, Sharma, S., Chen, K. (2017). Violation detection is handled using traditional firewall packet filtering techniques. Register Today! The traditional model, though, is cost-effective the outreach of the model in third world countries pose a problem where the majority of the population have no access to energy. Previously, attackers primarily targeted utilities information technology (IT) systems to steal data or launch ransomware for financial gain. (Symantec Labs) retrieved 06 08, 2017, from https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-multi-staged-destructive-attacks-limited-specific-targets, Tao X, Ota K, Dong M, Qi H, Li K (2017) Performance guaranteed computation offloading for mobile edge cloud computing. (Li et al., 2018). See: North American Electric Reliability Corporation, State of reliability 2018, June 2018, p. 40. volume4, Articlenumber:5 (2021) Figure 1 illustrates the variety of adversaries that may threaten electric grids, and the perceived severity of the threat and impact in the United States. (IEEE, Ed.) When it comes to reducing cyber risk in the supply chain, companies in the power sector face many challenges. The virtual power plants also help us analyse, control, optimise, and help bridge the gap of demand and supply in these vast energy requirements. * Guardian is a registered trademark of Nozomi Networks. Advances in User Authentication, pp 185233. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The authors further define Firewall Authorisation Space to allow or deny packets based on the firewall rules, thereby enabling conversion into smaller denied and allowed spaces. GE Gas Power engineers cleaner, more accessible energy that communities depend on to power growth and prosperity. Retrieved 06 09, 2017, from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28106478, Bekara, C. (2014). International conference on identification, information and knowledge in the Internet of things (pp. Virtual Power Plants (VPP), Smart Grids (S.G.). Retrieved 06 09, 2017, Haddadi, H., Christophides, V., Teixeira, R., Cho, K., Suzuki, S., Perrig, A. He is additionally responsible for the Risk Advisory practice across Western Canada. It is expected that by 20352040 the electricity system will mostly constitute decentralised IoT devices effectively communicating through virtual power plants and distributed energy systems. Retrieved 11 28, 2020, from www.trendmicro.com: https://www.trendmicro.com.tr/media/wp/whos-really-attacking-your-ics-equipment-whitepaper-en.pdf, Xi, Y., Sha, K., Shi, W., Schwiebert, L., Zhang, T. (2007). 2014), limiting the attack surface area. Therefore, the returned data has to be accurate and correct, on which decisions are based (Sha & Zeadally, 2015). By mid-2021, more than 600 ICS flaws were identified across 76 ICS vendors, up from 449 in the second half of 2020. (SecurityFocus) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.securityfocus.com/news/6767, Poulsen, K. (2004). A study of 20 electric and gas utilities in North America revealed that the utilities had on average 3,647 total active suppliers, 39 strategic relationships, and 140 suppliers that accounted for 80 percent of their total external spend.29 Companies may be unable to get access to some suppliers, and some suppliers may be unable or unwilling to adopt secure practices. Unlike traditional energy systems, the energy generation is not centralised in a remote location and then transmitted in a complex network but instead generated in small individual distributed areas. The application of edge intelligence computing requires a huge communication network and bandwidth. IEEE Communication Magazine 56(8):6267. IEEE Netw 30(5):9299, Hu, H., Han, W., Ahn, G., Zhao, Z. In 2018, NERC added a new standard (NERC-CIP 013) and modified two existing standards to address cyber supply chain risk. IEEE Commun Mag 53(4):176186. Report: Hackers have broken into the air traffic control mission-support systems of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration several times in recent years. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2911697, Chen M, Hao Y, Gharavi H, Leung V (2019) Cognitive information measurements: a new perspective. Moreover, the energy can likewise add to a virtual power, not plants capacity The point of VPPs is to distributed appropriated energy assets over the virtual energy pool. Edge intelligence: the convergence of humans, things, and a.I. Cybersecurity Cybersecurity for Wind Energy Authors: Jake Paul Gentle Idaho National Laboratory Jay Johnson Sandia National Laboratories Abstract Presentation on the DOE Roadmap for Wind. They are thus providing a way for enhancing security mechanisms across the network. The CyberSecurity for Electric Power Sector When malicious attackers gain access to an industrial control system they are able to sabotage control and safety processes, leading to costly outages, damaged turbines, threats to personnel safety and even environmental disasters. Proficy CSense 2023 - industrial analytics. Retrieved from linkedin.com, Roman R, Rios R, Onieva J, Lopez J (2018) The immune system for the internet of things using edge technologies. Energy firms hacked by 'cyber-espionage group Dragonfly. Further, the system can be modified to suit the need-base security model. 1-8). Thus, there is a huge scope for researching in this area. Most companies are just beginning to make suppliers more aware and accountable, and to demand supplier integrity. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 2(34), 111130. Symantec. Google Scholar, Chen M, Hao Y, Lai C, Wu D, Li Y, Hwang K (2018a) Opportunistic task scheduling over co-located clouds in the mobile environment. In addition, as utilities introduce more commonly used software and information technologies into their operations, their systems may become more accessible to adversaries. In recent years, however, the two systems have been converging as companies digitize and build the power sectors version of the industrial internet of things, including the smart grid. And, as challenging as it may be for power companies to identify their own critical assets and protect them, the challenge seems to be expanding exponentially, since todays interconnected world also requires them to secure vast, far-flung, and increasingly complex global supply chains. DTTL (also referred to as "Deloitte Global") does not provide services to clients. (2017). Retrieved 07 06, 2017, from https://securelist.com/34344/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/, Ali Z, Hossain MS, Muhammad G, Ullah I, Abachi H, Alamri A (2018) Edge-centric multimodal authentication system using encrypted biometric templates. Annual Conference on Research in Information Technology (pp. Consider engaging with industry peers and government agencies working to reduce cyber risk in the power sector locally, nationally, regionally, and globally. 5156). View in article, Matthew J. Schwartz, Cybercrime groups and nation-state attackers blur together, Bankinfosecurity.com, June 28, 2018. Cyber Security Training for Power Plants explores information and network security vulnerabilities applied to power plants and how to approach cyber security resilience as a complex system. The insertion of an Edge layer improves the prospects of utilising multi-authentical protocols and multiple phase authorisation. sKyWIper (a.k.a. They may touch diverse departments, including supply and procurement, corporate information security, cloud and infrastructure, legal, IT, and OT. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/iNCoS.2012.48, Gentry, C. (2009). Retrieved from https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdi13/nsdi13-final8.pdf, Kazemian, P., Varghese, G., McKeown, N. (2012). The traditional approaches to handling cybersecurity using firewalls and cryptography incidents are outmoded due to the variety and complexity of attacks in recent times. The problem with cyber security, is the more we modernize the plant, the more it becomes vulnerable," Darren Hammell, chief strategy officer and co-founder of Princeton Power Systems told Design News. The previous section portrays different research techniques that have been applied in different platforms and suggest applications in virtual power plant areas. Eighth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS'07) (pp. Therefore, it is possible to offload a few resource-hungry tasks to the new edge layer, thereby reducing the impact on resource-constrained resources. Erabally et al. McAfee. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877919, Chen S, Zeng P, Choo KR, Dong X (2018c) Efficient ring signature and group signature schemes based on Q-ary identification protocols. The NRC requires nuclear plant owners to protect such critical digital systems from cyberattack. Shamoon Campaigns with Disttrack. End to end IoT security middleware for cloud-fog communication. The edge layer analyses the traffic collected information on network threats, attacks, and feedback on the controllers collected information. These standards will apply to hardware and software systems such as SCADA, networked electronic sensing, and monitoring and diagnostic systems, as well as associated internal human, network, or machine interfaces.34, The North American Electric Reliability Corporations Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC-CIP) reliability standards have put the power sector at the forefront in establishing regulations to reduce cyber risk. Attackers began by exploiting software developed for legitimate purposes, such as Shodan and Metasploit, to find components and devices connected to the internet, and to target supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and other ICS software. Energy Inform 4, 5 (2021). Part of With this also comes challenges associated with securing physical systems, data protection and information privacy. Symantec global internet security threat report trends. to receive more business insights, analysis, and perspectives from Deloitte Insights, Telecommunications, Media & Entertainment, U.S. government accused Russia of hacking into energy infrastructure, Expert sees extreme uptick in cyberattacks on utilities, Cybercrime groups and nation-state attackers blur together, Data thieves: The motivations of cyber threat actors and their use and monetization of stolen data, A cyberattack in Saudi Arabia had a deadly goal. Futur Gener Comput Syst 83:629637. Cyber security and cyber terrorism in energy sector - a review. Not only are attacks rising, but cybersecurity experts and intelligence sources report that the number of threat actors is increasing and their capabilities expanding.8 Internal threats due to human error, disgruntled employees, or contractors have typically been one of the most common threats. By mid-2021, more than 600 ICS flaws were identified across 76 ICS vendors, up from 449 in the second half of 2020. For energy and utilities, cybersecurity is more essential every day. Cybersecurity for power plants faces a complex web of risk surrounding the sector. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58808-7_5, Book Plan for alternative vendors in case a partner experiences an attack. Buczak et al. Researchers have also attempted to enhance the authentication protocols using RFID based algorithms. This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits Retrieved from www.fireeye.com: https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html, Glymin, E. (2017). The unique breadth of potential riskto the economy, public safety, business operations, and the environmentmake cybersecurity a top concern for every power and utility company. 1-7). 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI'13) (pp. (2018). The motivation of the attackers has changed over time. Reduce risk and improve resilience, to hear GE cybersecurity experts discuss cyber crisis drills as an essential tool against cyber threat agents. To stay logged in, change your functional cookie settings. ACM, Huang, C., Wu, Z., Lin, S. (2019). As can be seen from the table, there is a rising volume and sophistication of the attacks on the infrastructure services and the need to safeguard the equipment, data becomes critical (Lathrop et al., 2016; Kimani et al., 2019). Discover how an integrated approach to solution architecture protects IT, OT, and other essential systems to keep operational processes going. Email a customized link that shows your highlighted text. Viewing offline content Limited functionality available Dismiss Services What's New 151-156). When considering the security aspects, significant concerns arise. Address procurement language and obtain reliable supplier assessments and cyber risk intelligence. A detailed security check is implemented carrying out particular functions, one to verify the security dependency on the specific device registered and second to deploy the security function accordingly. View in article, Woods and Bochman, Supply chain in the software era. View in article, North American Electric Reliability Corporation, GridEx, accessed November 6, 2018; Electric Infrastructure Security Council, EarthEx 2017, August 22, 2018. Blockchain can make cloud computing more secure as it creates decentralized nodes that contain copies of all data in the ecosystem. The edge-based firewalls are feasible and easier to deploy. In the first half of 2021, a growing number of flaws in ICS products from major companies were reported; 70% of those rated as critical or high severity. Security issues and challenges for IoT based smart grid. Cybersecurity for power plants requires 24/7 oversight. (2014). First, cyber supply chain accountability and ownership typically do not fall into well-defined, specific groups within a company. Google Scholar, BBC. Some also conduct supplier risk assessments and provide ongoing third-party threat intelligence. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Fusing hybrid remote attestation with a formally verified microkernel: lessons learned. The complexity of cybersecurity attacks in the form of disabling, tampering, reprogramming the control systems can lead to malfunctions, unavailability of system services during critical operations, which could lead to other consequences in the form of human life. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4040971, Boldizsr, B., Gbor, P., Levente, B., Flegyhzi, M. (2011). Edge intelligence: paving the last mile of artificial intelligence with edge computing. 323-328). Learn about the latest developments on the GE side in the areas of safety, quality and on-time execution, and how you can proactively plan your outages to run as smoothly as possible. At the program level, focus on whether the suppliers processes adhere to leading security practices and keep the product or service secure once fielded or sold. In this context, it has defined to provide Edge-centric architecture. Alarmingly, all three appeared bent on immediate or potential future disruption rather than financial gain. It urges business and trade partners to deploy more robust identification procedures for network access, increase the use of encryption and firewalls, engage in constant monitoring and anti-virus protection, and use international standards, such as IEC 62443.37, Several certification efforts are also underway. They use a message authentication code to process the information reported by the devices. To Kill a Centrifuge - Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators tried to Achieve. ICS attacks have evolved in scope and purpose across the globe (figure 2). Augsburg: IEEE doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/FAS-W.2016.60, Yin C, Zhu Y, Fei J, He X (2017) A deep learning approach for intrusion detection using recurrent neural networks. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, 14(4, fourth quarter), Lu R, Heung K, Lashkari A, Ghorbani AA (2017) A lightweight privacy-preserving data aggregation scheme for fog computing-enhanced IoT. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2677520, Mach P, Becavar Z (2017) Mobile edge computing a survey on architecture and computation offloading. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE, Jaber M, Imran MA, Tafazolli R, Tukmanov A (2016) 5G backhaul challenges and emerging research directions: a survey. Power companies have long been aware of growing cyber risk, and were one of the first industries to respond, with requirements to implement cybersecurity controls through the North American Electric Reliability Corporations Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC-CIP) standards, initiated in 2007. Edges: design of an edge layer security service to enhance internet of things security. Energy efficiency enhancement in 5G mobile networks. 344-351). (2012). (Washington post) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-israel-developed-computer-virus-to-slow-iranian-nuclear-efforts-officials-say/2012/06/19/gJQA6xBPoV_story.html, Nakashima, E., Warrick, J. Wirel Pers Commun 73(1):5161. In 2017, out of 226 cyber bulletins posted by the US Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center (E-ISAC) on its portal, over 30 percent involved phishing.11 Other common attack vectors include watering hole, credential theft, denial of service, and remote access trojans. An increasingly common practice is to require a software bill of materials, or composition analysis, which tracks the software components in a system across the supply chain to reveal any potential issues. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8(6):25192531. View in article, Jeff St. John, U.S. Virtual power plants are a host of data hubs as prosumers and consumers contribute to power generation and attract vast cybercriminals. Energy cybersecurity requires a 24/7 monitoring solution to deliver alerts as incidents or failures occur. GE, in an industry first, has used an inventive approach to supply chain security, using TPM (Trusted Platform Module) processes to help deliver a secure, reliable supply chain experience for customers. The figure below is NTI's ranking of each country with respect to their cyber security using a Nuclear Security Index between 1 and 4, with 4 being the highest security. 26th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) (pp. Security Response - Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Join our webinar to explore the current and future challenges of our energy infrastructure and learn about the latest energy supply and delivery technologies. Huge communication network and bandwidth a company for alternative vendors in case an attack succeeds on immediate potential. 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